To borrow money on thecredit of the United States;
To regulate commercewith foreign nations, and among the several states, and with theIndian tribes;
To establish a uniformrule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject ofbankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin money, regulatethe value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard ofweights and measures;
To provide for thepunishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of theUnited States;
To establish postoffices and post roads;
To promote the progressof science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authorsand inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings anddiscoveries;
To constitute tribunalsinferior to the Supreme Court;
To define and punishpiracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offensesagainst the law of nations;
To declare war, grantletters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures onland and water;
To raise and supportarmies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for alonger term than two years;
To provide and maintaina navy;
To make rules for thegovernment and regulation of the land and naval forces;
To provide for callingforth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppressinsurrections and repel invasions;
To provide fororganizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governingsuch part of them as may be employed in the service of the UnitedStates, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of theofficers, and the authority of training the militia according to thediscipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusivelegislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (notexceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states,and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government ofthe United States, and to exercise like authority over all placespurchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which thesame shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals,dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And
To make all laws whichshall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution theforegoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution inthe government of the United States, or in any department or officerthereof.